They affect how we see things, and they drive rules and automatic thoughts.Īll three layers are connected. Core beliefs are absolute beliefs about yourself, others, and the world. These rules are usually followed in a typical situation - “If X, then Y.” These beliefs are attitudes and rules, sometimes called underlying assumptions. These are thoughts that come into your mind automatically. In the cognitive behavioral model, people are believed to have three layers of thoughts: They’ve also worked to find coping strategies for challenging negative thoughts.

No matter what you’ve heard them called, over the years, mental health experts have outlined several types of cognitive distortions and how they relate to symptoms of depression and anxiety. Since then, it’s evolved, so you might know a related term like:

The theory of cognitive distortions has been around since the 1960s.

If you’re being bombarded with thoughts like “I’m no good” or “I’ll never be loved,” it will be hard to focus on the positive. A cognitive distortion is an exaggerated, false, or irrational thought or belief you have.Įveryone experiences cognitive distortions at some point or another, but these automatic thoughts and beliefs - which are often negative - are typically related to depressed mood.